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Great Wall is binding precedent on American Arbitration Association
Arbitrations

Great Wall is binding precedent on American Arbitration Association

By Jason Tenenbaum 2 min read

Key Takeaway

Court rules American Arbitration Association arbitrator failed to follow binding Great Wall precedent on acupuncture fee schedules in no-fault insurance dispute.

This article is part of our ongoing arbitrations coverage, with 59 published articles analyzing arbitrations issues across New York State. Attorney Jason Tenenbaum brings 24+ years of hands-on experience to this analysis, drawing from his work on more than 1,000 appeals, over 100,000 no-fault cases, and recovery of over $100 million for clients throughout Nassau County, Suffolk County, Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and the Bronx. For personalized legal advice about how these principles apply to your specific situation, contact our Long Island office at (516) 750-0595 for a free consultation.

Allstate Ins. Co. v Natural Healing Acupuncture, P.C., 2013 NY Slip Op 50645(U)(Civ. Ct. Kings Co. 2013)

“The arbitrator failed to mention, much less follow the Appellate Term’s decision in Great Wall Acupuncture v. GEICO Gen. Ins. Co., 16 Misc 3d 23 (App. Term, 2nd Dept. 2007), which addressed the issue and applied the fee schedule for licensed chiropractors to acupuncture services provided by licensed acupuncturists.  In Great Wall, the Appellate Term analogized licensed chiropractors to licensed acupuncturists based on the similar training they underwent for licensure in order to perform acupuncture services, while contrasting them to physicians, who only had to obtain certification in order to perform acupuncture. The Appellate Term further noted the Department of Insurance’s lack of “specific guidance as to which particular fee schedule should be applied to a licensed acupuncturist performing acupuncture,” and urged it to do so. Great Wall, supra at 24.

“Although acknowledging Great Wall, supra, and the fact that the proposed legislation to increase the reimbursement rates for both chiropractors and acupuncturists was still pending, the master arbitrator confirmed the award. The master arbitrator found that Allstate impermissible sought to have him conduct a de novo review, and that the lower arbitrator’s award had “a plausible basis in the evidence presented” and thus conformed to applicable law.”

“This Court does not understand the reasoning behind the master arbitrator’s award. Allstate did not seek a de novo or a factual review, as prohibited by Petrofsky, supra. Rather, petitioner argued that the decision was arbitrary and capricious and contrary to well settled law. This Court cannot countenance an award which finds that proposed or pending legislation trumps well established precedent, i.e. Great Wall, supra. Therefore, the award is vacated and the Court directs that the arbitrator calculate the fees owed to respondent in accordance with the fee schedule for licensed chiropractors who perform acupuncture.”

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Legal Update (February 2026): Since this post’s publication in 2013, New York’s no-fault fee schedules have undergone multiple revisions and updates, potentially affecting the reimbursement rates for acupuncture services discussed in the Great Wall precedent. Additionally, regulatory guidance from the Department of Financial Services may have provided clearer direction on fee schedule applications for licensed acupuncturists. Practitioners should verify current fee schedule provisions and any subsequent appellate decisions that may have modified or clarified the Great Wall holding.

Legal Context

Why This Matters for Your Case

New York law is among the most complex and nuanced in the country, with distinct procedural rules, substantive doctrines, and court systems that differ significantly from other jurisdictions. The Civil Practice Law and Rules (CPLR) governs every stage of civil litigation, from service of process through trial and appeal. The Appellate Division, Appellate Term, and Court of Appeals create a rich and ever-evolving body of case law that practitioners must follow.

Attorney Jason Tenenbaum has practiced across these areas for over 24 years, writing more than 1,000 appellate briefs and publishing over 2,353 legal articles that attorneys and clients rely on for guidance. The analysis in this article reflects real courtroom experience — from motion practice in Civil Court and Supreme Court to oral arguments before the Appellate Division — and a deep understanding of how New York courts actually apply the law in practice.

About This Topic

No-Fault Arbitrations in New York

No-fault arbitration is the primary forum for resolving disputes between medical providers and insurers over claim denials. The arbitration process has its own procedural rules, evidentiary standards, and appeal mechanisms — including master arbitration and Article 75 judicial review. Understanding arbitration practice is essential for any attorney handling no-fault claims. These articles cover arbitration procedures, hearing strategies, award enforcement, and the grounds for challenging arbitration outcomes in court.

59 published articles in Arbitrations

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Disclaimer: This article is published by the Law Office of Jason Tenenbaum, P.C. for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice, and no attorney-client relationship is formed by reading this content. The legal principles discussed may not apply to your specific situation, and the law may have changed since this article was last updated.

New York law varies by jurisdiction — court decisions in one Appellate Division department may not be followed in another, and local court rules in Nassau County Supreme Court differ from those in Suffolk County Supreme Court, Kings County Civil Court, or Queens County Supreme Court. The Appellate Division, Second Department (which covers Long Island, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island) and the Appellate Term (which hears appeals from lower courts) each have distinct procedural requirements and precedents that affect litigation strategy.

If you need legal help with a arbitrations matter, contact our office at (516) 750-0595 for a free consultation. We serve clients throughout Long Island (Huntington, Babylon, Islip, Brookhaven, Smithtown, Riverhead, Southampton, East Hampton), Nassau County (Hempstead, Garden City, Mineola, Great Neck, Manhasset, Freeport, Long Beach, Rockville Centre, Valley Stream, Westbury, Hicksville, Massapequa), Suffolk County (Hauppauge, Deer Park, Bay Shore, Central Islip, Patchogue, Brentwood), Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Westchester County. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.

Jason Tenenbaum, Personal Injury Attorney serving Long Island, Nassau County and Suffolk County

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Jason Tenenbaum, Esq.

Jason Tenenbaum is a personal injury attorney serving Long Island, Nassau & Suffolk Counties, and New York City. Admitted to practice in NY, NJ, FL, TX, GA, MI, and Federal courts, Jason is one of the few attorneys who writes his own appeals and tries his own cases. Since 2002, he has authored over 2,353 articles on no-fault insurance law, personal injury, and employment law — a resource other attorneys rely on to stay current on New York appellate decisions.

Education
Syracuse University College of Law
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Licensed In
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Discussion

Comments (7)

Archived from the original blog discussion.

R
Rookie
I doubt that Judge Levine’s Order means that Abitrators are bound by Great Wall decision, a decision on which even the Appellate Term is beginning to loosen the morings. It will not be long until Great Wall will be overturned.
JA
Joe Armao
Especially not when, if I remember correctly, the commentary to the proposed changes stated specifically that the Appellate Term’s decision was wrong.
AK
ALAN Klaus
Great Wall was and is a terrible decision. It shoukd be based on the geographic region. This won’t change the way arbitrators think. They do what they feel is right not what case law says.
AM
Alan M. Elis
The major problem with the Great Wall case is that it has been expanded beyond its scope. The regulations, and the Insurance Dept Opinion Letters, only allow an insurer to reduce a “prevailing rate.” When a provider bills at a “prevailing rate,” the insurer has the choice of which established fee schedule they may use to reduce the bill: either the physician or chiropractor schedule. When a provider bills at the established fee schedule for physicians, the regulations do not allow the reduction from one fee schedule to another (strict construction – if the regulations only allow the reduction of a prevailing rate, then the only thing that an insurer may reduce is a bill at a prevailing rate). The Great Wall decision must be read in conjunction with the regulations. The Appellate Term may not establish a fee schedule, because that it a rewriting of a regulation (remember separation of powers? – it applies to No-Fault too).
CA
Captain America
Oh give me a break. The Captain knows some lawyers that worked heavily on the issue. They actually sent three cases in three different procedural postures up to the App Term 2nd. There was one that was tried. And two S.J.’s involving a fee schedule denial and a non fee schedule denial. They retained a separate and well respected purely appellate counsel. They hired the head of the Accupuncture Society in New York who actually took part in the legislative and regulatory wrangling. He testified [expert] that the only reason rates were established for Chiros and MDs that were low was because it pre-supposed that there would be efficiency. The Chiro and the Doctor would do the preliminaries as part of their respective fields and then go right to acupuncture insertions. The hookers for corporate money that comprise the court could give a damn. Why do you all act like there really is law.
H
Hmmm
Im just curious, since when does a review of a master arbitrator’s decision get decided by a civil court judge? Isn’t that limited strictly to the supreme court?
KL
Kurt Lundgren
Hey Cap, weren’t those appellate counsel hired by the Red Skull, your nemesis. Does not evil triumph when good men do nothing? We need you now more than ever Marvel Super Hero. Throw that mighty shield at the Great Wall and see it thrown asunder. Since when is an acupuncturist a chiropractor, since when does 200 hours training equal 2000, since when are acupuncturists lessor mortals. Since when can Allstate charge the same rates as others when they are the crappier insurance company. I mean, if Allstate has an AM Best Rating of AA-, shouldn’t it, Cap, have to pay a lesser rate than say, State Farm, that has a solid AA+, as far as I can tell. Avengers assemble!!!!

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