Key Takeaway
Learn about legal standing requirements in New York personal injury and insurance cases. Essential guide for Long Island and NYC residents on court access rights.
Understanding Legal Standing in New York: A Comprehensive Guide for Long Island and NYC Residents
When pursuing legal action in New York, one of the most fundamental concepts that can make or break your case is “standing.” Whether you’re dealing with personal injury claims, insurance disputes, or contract matters in Long Island or New York City, understanding standing requirements is crucial for protecting your rights and ensuring your day in court.
The Davydov Case: A Landmark Decision on Standing
Davydov v Progressive Ins. Co.
2009 NY Slip Op 29299 (App. Term 2d Dept. 2009)
The concept of standing has numerous meanings. In Civil Procedure, it refers to the existence of a case or controversy, which is a precondition to allowing a Court to hear a case. In Criminal Procedure, it addresses the ability to contest a Fourth Amendment search and seizure violation. As a matter of common law and statutory law, it involves the ability of a party to prosecute an action, even though there is a case or controversy. I would be remiss if I did not include the statement that in English parlance, standing means to be on one’s feet in an upright, vertical position. If you were playing Password and someone said, in that funny opposite like voice “sitting”, the answer would be “standing”.
Two Types of Standing Issues in New York Law
In regards to the common law notion of standing, there appears to have developed two different types of standing issues. The first is a statute or a regulation vesting or stripping a party of so-called standing. For instance, 65-3.16, the regulation that Malella is predicated upon, states that improperly formed corporations, and most likely their assignors in a direct first-party suit, do not have standing to prosecute overdue no-fault healthcare-expense bills. This “standing” rule also involves corporations prosecuting actions on behalf of independent contractors; and I would argue that 65-3.19 strips a health care provider’s ability to prosecute bills where a worker’s compensation carrier is deemed “primary”. But see, Westchester Med. Ctr. v Lincoln Gen. Ins. Co., 60 AD3d 1045 (2d Dept. 2009).
As to an example of a statute that vests standing, where it would not otherwise exist, one should look to GBL 349. Prior to the amendments promulgated years ago, the attorney General was the only official who could prosecute a GBL 349 (consumer fraud) claim.
Technical Standing: Assignment Issues and Procedural Challenges
The second notion of standing represents so-called technical standing. The Courts have over the last decade deemed technical standing issues, mainly as to valid assignments, to fall within this category. As to technical standing issues, the deficiencies in the assignment forms in the no-fault scenario are deemed waived if not properly addressed during the claim stage, and in non no-fault actions, the defect is waived if not properly pleaded in an answer or a pre-answer motion. See, e.g., Wells Fargo Bank Minn., N.A. v Mastropaolo, 42 AD3d 239, 241-243 (2d Dept. 2008)
Judge Golia’s dissent is only too logical. On a blank slate, it is correct. The type of technical defect in this matter, i.e., an assignment that assigns a claim to another entity should be a bar to a prima facie case in any type of action. This is a true standing issue, although deemed technical in nature. This statement would not hold true for issues such as missing signatures and other hyper-technical issues, where the intent to assign a claim to the proper entity may be inferred from the document. The issue of true standing should never be waivable since it addresses the fundamental right to access the courts. But the Appellate Courts have seemed to reject untimely challenges to technical defects, involving the nature of true standing.
I lastly wonder why Davydov, M.D., was not impleaded in a third-party contribution action in this case. This would most likely address the issue of proper standing and would protect the carrier from a subsequent action that Davydov M.D., could possibly bring against the carrier.
Standing in Long Island and NYC: Practical Applications
For residents of Long Island and New York City, standing issues frequently arise in several key areas:
Personal Injury Cases
In personal injury litigation, standing questions often emerge when determining who has the legal right to bring a claim. This becomes particularly complex in cases involving multiple parties, insurance assignments, or when medical providers seek to collect directly from insurance carriers. Nassau and Suffolk County courts regularly see standing challenges in no-fault insurance disputes where healthcare providers attempt to collect benefits directly from insurance companies.
Insurance Disputes
The insurance landscape in New York presents unique standing challenges. When dealing with no-fault insurance claims, assignment of benefits (AOB) forms must be properly executed, or the healthcare provider may lack standing to pursue collection. This is especially relevant for medical practices throughout Long Island and NYC that treat accident victims and rely on direct payment from insurance carriers.
Contract and Commercial Litigation
In commercial disputes common in New York’s business environment, standing issues often arise when companies merge, assign contracts, or when third parties attempt to enforce agreements. The technical requirements for valid assignments can be particularly challenging for small businesses operating in Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and throughout Long Island.
The Evolution of Standing Doctrine in New York
New York courts have increasingly recognized the importance of distinguishing between constitutional standing requirements and technical standing defects. This evolution reflects the courts’ attempt to balance access to justice with procedural efficiency.
Constitutional vs. Technical Standing
Constitutional standing requires an actual case or controversy, ensuring that courts only hear disputes with real adverse parties. Technical standing, however, involves procedural requirements like proper assignments or corporate formation. The key difference is that technical standing defects can often be waived if not timely raised, while constitutional standing cannot be waived.
Implications for Legal Practice
This distinction has significant implications for attorneys practicing in New York. Defense counsel must raise technical standing challenges early in the litigation, or risk waiving them entirely. Conversely, plaintiffs’ attorneys must ensure their clients have proper standing before filing suit, as these defects can derail otherwise meritorious claims.
Protecting Your Rights: What New Yorkers Need to Know
Understanding standing is crucial for anyone considering legal action in New York. Whether you’re a healthcare provider seeking payment, a business enforcing contracts, or an individual pursuing personal injury claims, standing requirements can significantly impact your case.
Documentation and Assignment Issues
Proper documentation is essential. Insurance assignments, contracts, and corporate documents must be carefully drafted and executed. Even minor defects can create standing issues that may bar your claim entirely.
Timing Matters
Standing challenges must be raised promptly. The courts’ recognition of waiver for technical standing defects means that early legal intervention is crucial. Waiting too long to challenge standing issues or failing to address them in initial pleadings can result in waiver.
Frequently Asked Questions About Legal Standing in New York
What happens if I lack standing to bring my case?
If you lack standing, the court will dismiss your case without reaching the merits. This means you won’t get a decision on whether you were right or wrong on the legal issues – the case simply gets thrown out because you don’t have the legal right to bring it in the first place.
Can standing issues be fixed after filing a lawsuit?
It depends on the type of standing defect. Some technical standing issues may be correctable through amended pleadings or additional documentation, while constitutional standing defects typically cannot be cured. The key is identifying and addressing these issues as early as possible.
How do assignment of benefits affect my standing?
Assignment of benefits can transfer your right to collect payment to your healthcare provider. However, if the assignment is defective or improperly executed, it may create standing issues for the provider trying to collect directly from your insurance company. This is particularly common in no-fault insurance cases.
Are standing requirements different for businesses versus individuals?
Yes, businesses face additional standing challenges, particularly regarding corporate formation and authority to sue. Improperly formed corporations or entities without proper authority may lack standing to bring claims. The regulations cited in Davydov specifically address these corporate standing issues.
What should I do if the other party challenges my standing?
Standing challenges should be taken seriously and addressed promptly. Gather all relevant documentation supporting your right to bring the claim, including contracts, assignments, corporate documents, or other evidence of your legal interest in the dispute. Consider seeking immediate legal counsel to respond to the challenge effectively.
Contact an Experienced New York Attorney
Standing issues in New York law can be complex and case-specific. Whether you’re facing a standing challenge or need to ensure your case is properly positioned from the start, experienced legal guidance is essential. The attorneys at the Law Office of Jason Tenenbaum understand the nuances of New York standing requirements and can help protect your rights.
Don’t let technical standing issues derail your legitimate claim. Call 516-750-0595 today for a consultation with attorneys who understand New York law and are committed to fighting for your rights. We serve clients throughout Long Island, New York City, and surrounding areas, bringing decades of experience to complex legal challenges.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Every case is unique, and specific legal guidance should be sought for your particular situation.
Related Articles
- Motion seeking leave to amend the answer to seek affirmative defense of lack of standing is proper
- Standing requirements in no-fault vs traditional litigation
- Business records and assignment of benefits standing issues
- Signature requirements for assignment of benefits and standing
- Malella defense and workers compensation disclaimer requirements
Legal Update (February 2026): Since this 2009 publication, New York’s standing requirements and procedural rules have likely undergone significant modifications through court decisions, statutory amendments, and regulatory updates. Given the foundational nature of standing doctrine and its evolution through case law, practitioners should verify current standing requirements, particularly any updates to Civil Practice Law and Rules provisions and recent appellate decisions that may have refined or expanded upon the principles discussed in this post.
