The no-fault serious injury statute: Permanent Consequential v. Significant Limitation

Estrella v Geico Ins. Co., 2013 NY Slip Op 00173 (2d Dept. 2013)

This was from last month and quite interesting.  It is one of the few times that a Court has discussed the difference between the “permanent consequential” and “significant limitation” categories under the no-fault statute.

In opposition, the plaintiffs submitted the affirmation of Scott Gray, a physician who treated the infant plaintiff for more than one year, commencing approximately a month after the subject accident. Gray set forth quantitative findings from his initial examination and from his latest examination of the infant plaintiff, both of which revealed substantial range-of-motion limitations in the cervical and lumbar regions of the infant plaintiff’s spine. Since the second set of quantitative findings was not from a recent examination of the infant plaintiff, this evidence did not raise a triable issue of fact as to whether the alleged injuries constituted a serious injury under the permanent consequential limitation of use category of Insurance Law § 5102(d) (see Griffiths v Munoz, 98 AD3d 997, 998; Lively v Fernandez, 85 AD3d 981, 982).

However, a ‘significant limitation’ need not be permanent in order to constitute a serious injury”’ (Partlow v Meehan, 155 AD2d 647, 647 [quoting Insurance Law § 5102(d)]). “[A]ny assessment of the significance of a bodily limitation necessarily requires consideration not only of the extent or degree of limitation, but of its duration as well, notwithstanding the fact that Insurance Law § 5102(d) does not expressly set forth any temporal requirement for a ‘significant limitation’ (Griffiths v Munoz, 98 AD3d at 998 [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; seeLively v Fernandez, 85 AD3d at 982; Partlow v Meehan, 155 AD2d at 648). Here, Gray’s quantitative findings from the two examinations raised a triable issue of fact as to whether, as a result of the subject accident, the infant plaintiff sustained a ‘significant limitation’ on of use in the cervical and lumbar regions of his spine both in the degree of limitation and its duration.”
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