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Ins Law 5109 and the failure to promulgate regulations thereto is not fatal to a Mallela defense
Mallela issues

Ins Law 5109 and the failure to promulgate regulations thereto is not fatal to a Mallela defense

By Jason Tenenbaum 8 min read

Key Takeaway

First Department rejects argument that lack of regulations under Insurance Law 5109 prevents Mallela defenses, finding such a result would be absurd and contrary to fraud prevention.

This article is part of our ongoing mallela issues coverage, with 32 published articles analyzing mallela issues issues across New York State. Attorney Jason Tenenbaum brings 24+ years of hands-on experience to this analysis, drawing from his work on more than 1,000 appeals, over 100,000 no-fault cases, and recovery of over $100 million for clients throughout Nassau County, Suffolk County, Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and the Bronx. For personalized legal advice about how these principles apply to your specific situation, contact our Long Island office at (516) 750-0595 for a free consultation.

Understanding Insurance Law Section 5109 and Mallela Defense Viability

The Mallela defense has become a significant tool in New York no-fault insurance litigation, allowing insurers to challenge the legitimacy of healthcare providers who may have been fraudulently incorporated. However, questions occasionally arise about the technical requirements for implementing such defenses, particularly regarding regulatory gaps in the Insurance Law.

In the case discussed below, defendants attempted to exploit a regulatory void in Insurance Law Section 5109(a) to argue that Mallela defenses were fundamentally flawed. The First Department’s response provides important guidance for practitioners navigating these technical challenges in no-fault litigation.

Jason Tenenbaum’s Analysis:

Allstate Ins. Co. v Belt Parkway Imaging, P.C., 2010 NY Slip Op 08783 (1st Dept. 2010)

“Section 5109(a) states, “The superintendent, in consultation with the commissioner of health and the commissioner of education, shall by regulation, promulgate standards and procedures for investigating and suspending or removing the authorization for providers of health services to demand or request payment for health services as specified in” Insurance Law § 5102(a)(1). However, the Superintendent of Insurance has issued no regulations pursuant to § 5109(a). Thus, if — as defendants contend — only the Superintendent can take action against fraudulently incorporated health care providers, then no one can take such action. In light of the [*2]fact that “he purpose of the regulations of which 65-3.16(a)(12) is a part was to combat fraud” (Allstate Ins. Co. v Belt Parkway Imaging, P.C., 33 AD3d 407, 409 ), this would be an absurd result, and we reject it (Statutes § 145).”

While ultimately unsuccessful, this case shows that there is no want of creative thinking within the no-fault bar.

Key Takeaway

The First Department rejected the argument that the absence of regulations under Insurance Law Section 5109(a) renders Mallela defenses invalid. The court found that accepting such an interpretation would create an absurd result that undermines the fraud prevention purposes of the no-fault system. This decision reinforces that summary judgment in Mallela cases can proceed despite regulatory gaps.


Legal Update (February 2026): Since this 2010 analysis, the regulatory landscape surrounding Insurance Law § 5109 may have evolved significantly, including potential promulgation of the previously absent regulations and amendments to provider authorization procedures. Additionally, subsequent case law may have further refined the application of Mallela defenses in light of any regulatory developments, and practitioners should verify current Insurance Department regulations and recent appellate decisions when asserting these defenses.

Legal Context

Why This Matters for Your Case

New York law is among the most complex and nuanced in the country, with distinct procedural rules, substantive doctrines, and court systems that differ significantly from other jurisdictions. The Civil Practice Law and Rules (CPLR) governs every stage of civil litigation, from service of process through trial and appeal. The Appellate Division, Appellate Term, and Court of Appeals create a rich and ever-evolving body of case law that practitioners must follow.

Attorney Jason Tenenbaum has practiced across these areas for over 24 years, writing more than 1,000 appellate briefs and publishing over 2,353 legal articles that attorneys and clients rely on for guidance. The analysis in this article reflects real courtroom experience — from motion practice in Civil Court and Supreme Court to oral arguments before the Appellate Division — and a deep understanding of how New York courts actually apply the law in practice.

About This Topic

Mallela Fraud Defense in No-Fault Insurance

The Mallela defense — named after the Court of Appeals decision in State Farm v. Mallela — allows insurers to deny no-fault claims by proving that a medical provider fraudulently incorporated to circumvent licensing requirements. Establishing a Mallela defense requires extensive investigation and evidence of corporate structure, ownership, and control. These articles analyze the Mallela doctrine, its procedural requirements, and the evolving case law that shapes how courts evaluate fraudulent incorporation claims in no-fault practice.

32 published articles in Mallela issues

Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

What are Mallela issues in no-fault insurance?

Mallela issues refer to a defense based on State Farm v. Mallela (2006), where the Court of Appeals held that insurers can deny no-fault claims to medical providers who operate fraudulent enterprises. Under Mallela, if a provider is controlled by unlicensed individuals in violation of Business Corporation Law §1507 or Education Law, the provider is not eligible to receive no-fault reimbursement. Insurers use Mallela defenses in declaratory judgment actions and as affirmative defenses in collection actions.

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Attorney Jason Tenenbaum

About the Author

Jason Tenenbaum, Esq.

Jason Tenenbaum is the founding attorney of the Law Office of Jason Tenenbaum, P.C., headquartered at 326 Walt Whitman Road, Suite C, Huntington Station, New York 11746. With over 24 years of experience since founding the firm in 2002, Jason has written more than 1,000 appeals, handled over 100,000 no-fault insurance cases, and recovered over $100 million for clients across Long Island, Nassau County, Suffolk County, Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. He is one of the few attorneys in the state who both writes his own appellate briefs and tries his own cases.

Jason is admitted to practice in New York, New Jersey, Florida, Texas, Georgia, and Michigan state courts, as well as multiple federal courts. His 2,353+ published legal articles analyzing New York case law, procedural developments, and litigation strategy make him one of the most prolific legal commentators in the state. He earned his Juris Doctor from Syracuse University College of Law.

24+ years in practice 1,000+ appeals written 100K+ no-fault cases $100M+ recovered

Disclaimer: This article is published by the Law Office of Jason Tenenbaum, P.C. for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice, and no attorney-client relationship is formed by reading this content. The legal principles discussed may not apply to your specific situation, and the law may have changed since this article was last updated.

New York law varies by jurisdiction — court decisions in one Appellate Division department may not be followed in another, and local court rules in Nassau County Supreme Court differ from those in Suffolk County Supreme Court, Kings County Civil Court, or Queens County Supreme Court. The Appellate Division, Second Department (which covers Long Island, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island) and the Appellate Term (which hears appeals from lower courts) each have distinct procedural requirements and precedents that affect litigation strategy.

If you need legal help with a mallela issues matter, contact our office at (516) 750-0595 for a free consultation. We serve clients throughout Long Island (Huntington, Babylon, Islip, Brookhaven, Smithtown, Riverhead, Southampton, East Hampton), Nassau County (Hempstead, Garden City, Mineola, Great Neck, Manhasset, Freeport, Long Beach, Rockville Centre, Valley Stream, Westbury, Hicksville, Massapequa), Suffolk County (Hauppauge, Deer Park, Bay Shore, Central Islip, Patchogue, Brentwood), Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Westchester County. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.

Filed under: Mallela issues
Jason Tenenbaum, Personal Injury Attorney serving Long Island, Nassau County and Suffolk County

About the Author

Jason Tenenbaum

Jason Tenenbaum is a personal injury attorney serving Long Island, Nassau & Suffolk Counties, and New York City. Admitted to practice in NY, NJ, FL, TX, GA, MI, and Federal courts, Jason is one of the few attorneys who writes his own appeals and tries his own cases. Since 2002, he has authored over 2,353 articles on no-fault insurance law, personal injury, and employment law — a resource other attorneys rely on to stay current on New York appellate decisions.

Education
Syracuse University College of Law
Experience
24+ Years
Articles
2,353+ Published
Licensed In
7 States + Federal

Discussion

Comments (4)

Archived from the original blog discussion.

RZ
Raymond Zuppa
Major B.S. here J.T. in the decision and from you. Same Court said that the Superintendent had so much discretion he didn’t have to obey Ins. Law 309 which mandates market conduct investigation every three years. In fact according to the same court the only person that can make an insurance company obey the law is the Superintendent. And if the Superintendent does not want to “then no one can take such action” to quote the clever court. Well if the Court was consistent it would not have labeled the argument as “absurd.” In fact if the Court consistently applied the same reasoning — we call that justice J.T. — it would have bought the argument. Sauce for the goose. Certainly if the Super is that much of an all powerful uber discretion maverick (a Sarah Palin type) then it does not take much creativity to come up with the argument. The only thing that is absurd is the Court’s inconsistency which builds to my ultimate argument. If the powerful do not have to obey the law why should anyone. If all the taxed and fined and harassed full body scanned citizens all decided at once that they would not pay parking tickets — another tax — we could be more powerful. It’s Clausewitz’s economy of force. The citizens are too stupid to organize but the corporations are organized based upon the greatest motivator there is — greed. It is so sad that this fight manifests itself in No Fault. But it is really not a No Fault issue. It’s an economic issue. Time and time again the powerful that do so much damage in this country, instead of being locked up, are bailed out. Why I should respect any aspect of this government.
RZ
Raymond Zuppa
Sorry J.T. I pulled an all nighter. I left the Lithium at home. I don’t know if you noticed but I get carried away sometimes. Mea Culpa. Happy Holiday!!
MR
Michael Reich
This Court truly missed the point of Insurance Law 5109 and has now held that a regulation supersedes a statute. Insurance Law 5109 was enacted only 6 months after the Court published its decision in Mallela, and was intended to supplement Mallela, by requiring the implementation of fair and reasonable standards in order to define insurance fraud and determine whether those standards were violated. This is clear by the plain language of the statute, which requires the creation of regulations, IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE DEPARTMENTS OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION, which MUST PROVIDE at least as much DUE PROCESS to the MEDICAL PROVIDERS, as they are afforded under Article 2 of the Workers’ Comp, and be PUBLISHED AT LEAST 90 days BEFORE they become effective. Instead, the Court decided that enforcing Insurance Law 5109 and providing due process to medical providers, is inconsistent with the purpose of 11 NYCRR 65-3.16(a)(12), which was to combat insurance fraud. This decision reinforces the status-quo,which affords absolutely no due process to medical providers because there are no substantive standards to determine what actions render a medical provider ineligible to receive no-fault benefits. There are no rules or regulations that regulate the amount a medical provider can pay a management company for billing services or for rent, there are no standards that determine what non-medical services a physician is prohibited from delegating to his/her staff, or the amount that a medical provider is permitted to pay his staff. Yet, the insurance companies, who have absolutely no right whatsoever to tell a medical provider how to run their business, have created an illusion, that the amount that a medical provider pays its staff or for rent or to its billing company are relevant to determine who really owns a medical practice. The closest thing to a standard that is exists today is comparable to Justice Potter Stewart’s definition of obscenity in his concurring opinion in, Jacobellis v. Ohio, which was that he knows obscenity when he sees it. The only agencies that do have the right to tell a medical provider how to run its business though, are the Departments of Health and Education. Neither agency has created any standard that would make it improper for a physician to enter into an agreement with a lay person who has rented out an office suite with the intention of renting space to physicians and charging them for providing administrative services, which likely most insurances and many judges would deem to be improper. A medical provider could operate for years without any question or concern into the manner in which it operates its facility, and then have all of its outstanding no-fault bills jeopardized by being sandbagged when it files a claim to collect a bill by an insurance company that has unilaterally decided that the manner in which it operates is questionable. Furthermore, under the current status-quo, it is impossible for a medical provider to operate a profitable medical practice. If the physician hires employees to operate the business aspect of his medical practice, the insurer’s will argue that he lacks sufficient control of his business. If the medical provider focuses on operating the business aspect of his practice, he must then hire employees to provide medical treatment, and insurer’s will then argue that he cannot be the true owner of his medical facility because he does not treat any patients. It was precisely this lack of due process that the legislature intended to balance with the need to fight insurance fraud when it enacted Insurance Law 5109. By holding that the absence of the standards that are required by Insurance Law 5109 does not impact the insurer’s right to challenge the corporate structure of a medical provider, simply gives a windfall to the insurance companies. Each medical provider must comply with the separate unpublished standards that each individual insurance company has decided to adopt in order to determine what renders a medical provider ineligible to collect no-fault benefits. Not only are these standards unpublished, but I am unaware of any case that has even required an insurer to disclose these standards prior to being entitled to obtain discovery from the medical providers. Leave to appeal this decision to the Court of Appeal should be granted. In Presbyterian, the Court invited the Superintendent to amend the Regulations to overturn its decision. Here, the legislature did precisely what the court invited in Presbyterian, and passed a statute that required the Superintendent create regulations to ensure that the application of Mallela not be tortured to absolve insurers from having to pay legitimate no-fault claims. The Superintendent has ignored the law and wholly failed to regulate insurance companies, and the Court has now decided that this lack of regulation should be rewarded because combating perceived insurance fraud is more important than enforcing the law and ensuring due process. If this decision had held otherwise, it is likely that the Superintendent would have quickly complied with the law and created these regulations, making it possible for physicians to comply with the clear standards and resume providing medical services to their patients. Additionally, I would not parenthetically, that Court’s reasoning is extremely flawed from a technical perspective. The Court stated that the purpose of 11 NYCRR 65-3.16(a)(12) was to combat insurance fraud. By giving deference to the reasoning behind the regulation, the Court is essentially holding that a regulation supersedes a statute.
RZ
raymond zuppa
Bravo. The Court is doing more than that. The Court is superseding the legislature by saying its laws do not have to be obeyed.

Legal Resources

Understanding New York Mallela issues Law

New York has a unique legal landscape that affects how mallela issues cases are litigated and resolved. The state's court system includes the Civil Court (for claims up to $25,000), the Supreme Court (the primary trial court for unlimited jurisdiction), the Appellate Term (which hears appeals from lower courts), the Appellate Division (divided into four Departments, with the Second Department covering Long Island, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, and several upstate counties), and the Court of Appeals (the state's highest court). Each court has its own procedural requirements, local rules, and case-assignment practices that can significantly impact the outcome of your case.

For mallela issues matters on Long Island, cases are typically filed in Nassau County Supreme Court (at the courthouse in Mineola) or Suffolk County Supreme Court (in Riverhead). No-fault arbitrations are heard through the American Arbitration Association, which assigns arbitrators throughout the metropolitan area. Workers' compensation claims go to the Workers' Compensation Board, with hearings at district offices across the state. Understanding which forum is appropriate for your case — and the specific procedural rules that apply — is essential for a successful outcome.

The procedural landscape in New York also includes important timing requirements that can affect your case. Most civil actions are subject to statutes of limitations ranging from one year (for intentional torts and claims against municipalities) to six years (for contract actions). Personal injury cases generally have a three-year deadline under CPLR 214(5), while medical malpractice claims must be filed within two and a half years under CPLR 214-a. No-fault insurance claims have their own regulatory deadlines, including 30-day filing requirements for applications and 45-day deadlines for provider claims. Understanding and complying with these deadlines is critical — missing a filing deadline can permanently bar your claim, regardless of how strong your case may be on the merits.

Attorney Jason Tenenbaum regularly practices in all of these venues. His office at 326 Walt Whitman Road, Suite C, Huntington Station, NY 11746, is centrally located on Long Island, providing convenient access to courts and offices throughout Nassau County, Suffolk County, and New York City. Whether you need representation in a no-fault arbitration, a personal injury trial, an employment discrimination hearing, or an appeal to the Appellate Division, the Law Office of Jason Tenenbaum, P.C. brings $24+ years of real courtroom experience to your case. If you have questions about the legal issues discussed in this article, call (516) 750-0595 for a free, no-obligation consultation.

New York's substantive law also presents distinct challenges. In motor vehicle cases, the no-fault system under Insurance Law Article 51 provides first-party benefits regardless of fault, but limits the right to sue for non-economic damages unless the plaintiff establishes a "serious injury" under one of nine statutory categories. This threshold — codified at Insurance Law Section 5102(d) — requires medical evidence showing more than a minor or subjective injury, and courts have developed detailed standards for each category. Fractures must be documented through imaging studies. Claims of permanent consequential limitation or significant limitation of use require quantified range-of-motion testing with comparison to norms. The 90/180-day category demands proof that the plaintiff was unable to perform substantially all of their usual daily activities for at least 90 of the 180 days following the accident.

In employment discrimination cases, the legal standards vary depending on whether the claim arises under state or local law. The New York State Human Rights Law employs a burden-shifting framework: the plaintiff must first establish a prima facie case by showing membership in a protected class, qualification for the position, an adverse employment action, and circumstances giving rise to an inference of discrimination. The burden then shifts to the employer to articulate a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for its decision. If the employer meets this burden, the plaintiff must demonstrate that the stated reason is pretextual. The New York City Human Rights Law, by contrast, applies a broader standard, asking whether the plaintiff was treated less well than other employees because of a protected characteristic.

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